The Dabistan

Or School of Manners, translated from the Original Persian, with Notes and Illustrations. Paris: Printed for the Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland, 1843 First complete edition in English of this "important [Persian] text of the Azar Kayvani pseudo-Zorostrian sect. It was written anonymously between the years 1645 and 1658 and contains important information particularly about the prevalent religions of India in the 17th century" (Encyclopaedia Iranica). The author, erroneously identified by Sir William Jones as one Muhsin Fani, appears to have composed most of the text during the reign of Shah Jahan, travelling to various parts of India to study different religious creeds; his attempt to keep his identity secret probably reflects the orthodox religious climate subsequently promulgated by Awrangzeb (r. 1658-1707). Each chapter is devoted to the beliefs of a different group, including Parsis, Hindus, Tibetans, Jews, Christians, Muslims, and (treated separately) Sufis, as well as smaller communities. The Persian text was printed in Calcutta in 1809; a partial translation by Francis Gladwin had previously appeared in the New Asiatic Miscellany (178g). This edition is scarce, with seven copies listed at auction since 1933.