Cypher for Queen Victoria as used up to 1877 When she assumed The Empress title and it would be VRI History Mamelukes were members of a warrior class in the Muslim Middle East. Originally slaves who served as a personal bodyguard to the monarch, by 1798 they had become a powerful independent force who dominated Egypt and Syria. After being defeated by the French, between 100 – 200 Mamelukes switched sides to join Napoleon’s armies, while others were sold as slaves to the French conquerors. The Mamelukes in French service were attached to Napoleon’s Imperial Guard in 1803, becoming part of the Emperor’s personal bodyguard. They were organised into a cavalry regiment, each man dressed in fashionable and exotic “Turkish” style clothes, and carrying a curved scimitar. The regiment was present at the Battle of Waterloo, but seems to have seen little action. After Waterloo, the Mamelukes were seen as too closely associated with Napoleon, and their regiment was disbanded, with many of its soldiers sent back to the Middle East. 18 Mamelukes were murdered by an anti-Napoleon mob in Marseilles in the months after Waterloo. However, they had already made their mark on the European imagination. This sword comes from 1821, six years after the Battle of Waterloo, when a craze for “oriental” styles was sweeping Europe. Fashionable women wore turbans and brightly patterned shawls, and children would be dressed in “Mameluke” outfits. British Army cavalry officers started to carry Mameluke-style scimitars. The Duke of Wellington himself carried a Mameluke sword, captured during his days campaigning in India. To this day, Generals in the British Army carry a Mameluke sword as their ceremonial sidearm.